[Gyula Szász]

The energetic lowest state of a composite particle is the ground state of a many particle system. That is the case if the inertial mass mi(NP,NE,Ne,Np) is zero. Thus, if

(NP+NE)∙mP +(Np+Ne)∙me = E((NP,NE,Ne,Np),bound)/c^2.

The ground state of the hydrogen atom at the bound energy E(H,bound) = 13.8 eV is surely not the ground state of the proton-electron two-particle system.

Gyula Szász

[Gyula Szász]

The particles/bodies have always two masses

The particles/bodies are composed of four kinds of stable elementary particles (electron (e), positron (p), proton (P) and elton (E)). The elementary particles are not composed of other particles and there exist no other particles than e, p, P and E.

The gravitational masses, mg, of particles/bodies are conserved
mg(NP,NE,Ne,Np) = |(NP-NE)∙mP + (Np-Ne)∙me|,
whereby Ni are the number of elementary particles, e, p, P and E, and mP, me are the mass of the proton and the electron, atomsz.com .

The gravitation is caused of the conserved elementary charges, gi = g∙mi with the universal gravitational constant G = g^2/4∙π. The elementary masses, mP, me, are derived from the conserved elementary charges, gi. The static gravitational force between two elementary particles is

F(g)(rij) = – gi∙gj∙rij /4∙π∙ rij^3.

Depending on the sign of gi, there exists also repulsive gravitational force.

The inertial masses, mi, of particles/bodies

mi(NP,NE,Ne,Np) = (NP+NE)∙mP + (Np+Ne)∙me –E(bound)/c^2

appear in the equation of motion. The interaction between particles is always the addition of the gravitational and electromagnetic interactions. The electromagnetic interaction is also caused of conserved elementary charges, qi = {±e} and the static electric force is

F(em)(rij) = + qi∙qj∙rij /4∙π∙ rij^3.

There exist no other interaction between the stable elementary particles than the electromagnetism and the gravitation and these interactions propagate with the constant velocity c.

Obviously, the gravitational and inertial masses of composed particles are different. That means the Universality of Free Fall is obviously violated https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsyJjxC7SRc .

The gravitational and inertial masses of particle/bodies are greater or equal zero. For the neutrinos νe =(e,p) and νP =(P,E) are both masses zero. The elementary masses mP, me can be neither annihilated, nor created.

This theory is an Atomistic Theory of Matter. The modern physics developed in the last century was an energetic theory which must be obviously replaced.

Gyula I. Szász

The Universality of Free Fall (UFF) is violated
The overwhelming numbers of physical researchers are the meaning that the UFF is valid for all bodies. Also Einstein believed on the UFF.

However, in reality the UFF is violated:

Proton based electric neutral bodies
– attract proton based electric neutral bodies with different accelerations,
– neutrinos are neither attracted, nor repulsed,
– repulse elton (”antiproton”) based electric neutral bodies with different accelerations.
Elton based electric neutral bodies
– repulse proton based electric neutral bodies with different accelerations,
– neutrinos are neither attracted, nor repulsed,
– attract elton (”antiproton”) based electric neutral bodies with different accelerations.

Gyula I. Szász

The four kinds of stable elementary particles, e, p, P and E, cannot approach each other nearly than 10^-17 cm under the influence of their own interactions.

Gyula I. Szász

The fundamental interactions are non-conservative

The electromagnetic and the gravitational interactions are non-conservative since they are emitted by radiating particles. The particles radiate fields which propagate with the constant velocity c and the propagations are independent of the state of the emitting particles. The positions and velocities of the particles are never known exactly.

In Minkowski space in which the fields and the particles move, the equations of particle motions contain Lagrange multipliers because of the subsidiary conditions of the particle numbers conservation. The Planck constant

h = e^2/2c∙(m’∙c^2/2∙E(bound))^1/2 (1)

is a Lagrange multiplier, whereby m’ = me∙mp/(me+mP) is the reduced mass of the electron-proton system and E(bound) = 13.8 eV the bound energy of the hydrogen ground state. The radius of this state is

r = h^2/(4∙π^2∙m’∙e^2). (2)

These formulas (1) and (2) can be used in order to calculate other Lagrange multipliers with other reduced masses and/or with other bound energies for two-particle systems.

To the electron-positron two-particle system belongs the positronium with the bound energy of E(bound) = 6.9 eV and also the electron-neutrino, νe = (e,p), with the bound energy E(νe, bound) = 2∙me∙c^2.
The proton-elton two-particle system give occasion to the formation of the proton-neutrino, νP = (P,E), with the bound energy E(νP, bound) = 2∙mP∙c^2.

The electron-neutrino, νe, is 0.703∙10^-13cm and the proton-neutrino νP, is 0.383∙10^-16cm large.
The stabile neutron, N0 =(P,e) with the bound energy, E(N0,bound) = 2.04 MeV is 0.702∙10^-13cm. The proton-electron two-particle system has also a state with the bound energy E((P,e),bound) = (mp+me)∙c^2 which is in order of the size of the proton-neutrino. This state is the energetic lowest state of the (P,e)-system, it is its ground state.

Scientifically there is no need for Big Bang, for deformed space-and time, for Black Holes + Dark Matter and for more than (3+1) dimensional space-time continuum.

Gyula I. Szász

[Gyula Szász]

However, the UFF is violated since the gravitational and inertial masses of matter are different and the difference is composition dependent.

Sincerely,
Gyula

[Gyula Szász]

The propagation of the two fundamental fields with the constant velocity c is independent of the state of the emitting particles.

Sincerely,
Gyula

[Gyula Szász]

Dear Bill,

photons, gravitons and Many-Parallel-Words are “things-not-needed” and/or “things that cannot exist” and/or “things that could not happen”.

Electromagnetism and gravitation are caused by conserved elementary charges and the time dependent fields propagate with c. Time and space are connected in the Minkowski space. But the stable particles e, p, P and E with their two kinds of elementary charges can physically not be localized in a point of Minkowski space. The positions and velocities of particles are never known exactly.

However, electromagnetic and gravitational waves exist and they propagate with c. There is physically no contradiction between the existence of two invariant elementary charges of particles and the uncertainty of their positions and velocities.

Sincerely,
Gyula

[Gyula Szász]

New Mass Concept in Physics

Einstein’s imagination about mass was disastrously; he could not clear up what mass in physics is. He has created the weak equivalence principle then he believed on the equivalence of the inertial and gravitational mass. He did not recognize that UFF is violated. Einstein has connected the relativistic mass with energy and proposed that mass can be annihilated and created. He stated the energy-mass-equivalence principle E = m∙c^2. At the end in his general relativity, he has thrown away the gravitational mass. The modern physics takes Einstein’s concept about mass as fundament, but it could not cleared up in the last 100 years wherefrom the masses of particles are coming. Nowadays, the Higgs-particle is taken to explain the mass of particles. The question of quantum gravity is further on unsolved.

If have broken with Einstein’s mass-concept.

First of all, I have recognized that the gravitational mass and the inertial mass are different. This is confirmed in the violation of the UFF. The gravitational mass is derived from the conserved gravitational charges, gi ={± g∙mi} with help of the invariant masses mP and me of proton and electron. The universal gravitational constant is G = g^2/4π. The gravitational charges of the stable elementary particles, e, p, P and E, generate the time dependent gravitation field. In the expression of inertial masses appears the bound energy of particles, beside the elementary masses, mP and me. While the gravitational mass of a system, mg, remain always unchanged, the inertial mass, mi, is changing. We weight gravitational masses with balances; however, the inertial masses appear in the equation of motion under the influence of interactions. If the interaction is pure gravitation, in the equation of motion appear the relation of both masses

mg(material)/mi(material) = 1 + Delta(material).

The mass defect, Delta(material), is between – 0.109% (hydrogen atom) and + 0.784% (56Fe isotope).

Supposed, besides the gravitation only the electromagnetism exist as interaction between particles and both interactions propagate with c, an action integral is constructed in finite ranges of Minkowski space and with Lorentz-invariant Lagrange density, from which the Lorentz-invariant equation of the fields and the particles could be derived. The electromagnetism is also caused through conserved elementary charges. This formulation is valid for all possible velocities of particles. The elementary masses mP and me can be neither annihilated, nor created. For the most physicists is unusual that the elementary gravitational charges have two signs; that means repulsive gravitational interaction also exists. It is the case if two gravitational charges, Gi and Gj, have different signs. The static gravitational force is

F(rij) = – Gi∙Gj∙rij/4∙π∙rij^3.

Newton’s force equation

F(rij) = – G∙Mj∙mj rij/4∙π∙rij^3,

is valid only if the masse Mj and mj are connected to gravitational charges with the same sign and in this case the masses are connected to the conserved gravitational masses of bodies.

I’m going on to explain the new mass concept.
The gravitational mass mg of a proton-electron (P,e) system is

mg(P,e) = mP – me = proton mass – electron mass = gravitational mass of hydrogen atom.

The proton-electron system could have different bound energies, 13.8 eV, 2.04 MeV and even E(bound:P,e) = (mP+me)∙c^2 depending on the values of Lagrange multipliers. These bound energies correspond to states which have different inertial masses

mi(P,e) = mP + me – E(bound:P,e)/c^2.

The electron-positron, νe = (e,p) system has the gravitational mass zero,

mg(e,p) = 0.

This system contains the positronium and the electron-neutrino, νe = (e,p), depending on the bound energy. Electron and positron pair can neither annihilate, nor can be created.

An instable neutron N =(P,e,p,e) has the calculated gravitational mass

mg(N) = mP – me = 937.761 0821 MeV/c^2,

which is the same as that of the hydrogen atom. The inertial mass of instable neutron is measured in nuclear physics

mi(N) = 939.565 4133(58) MeV/c^2.

The gravitational mass of an electric neutral isotope with the mass number A is A time the hydrogen atoms gravitational mass

mg(isotope;A) = A∙( mP – me) = A∙937.761 0821 MeV/c^2.

The natural mass unit of electric neutral matter is

Mass Unit = 937.761 0821 MeV/c^2.

If we weight matter with a balance, we weight a multiple of this Mass Unit.

In nuclei there are also positrons present. An electric neutral isotope consists of A = NP protons, Np positrons and (NP + Np) electrons. The inertial mass of an isotope, mi(A,Z), which is measured in mass spectrometers, is different from its gravitational mass

mi(isotope;A,Z) = A∙( mP + me) + 2∙Np∙me – E(bound;A,Z)/c^2,

E(bound;A,Z) is the bound energy of all particles in the isotope. From the (NP + Np) electrons are Z bound in the atomic shells and (A – Z + Np) in the nuclei.

Notice: The nuclear physicists calculate the bound energy of nuclei incorrect. They take

En.ph. (bound;A,Z)/c2 = Z∙ mP + N∙ mi(N) – mi(isotope;A,Z).

In the nucleus of an isotope, eltons (E) are obviously are not present then free eltons are not detected at the decays of nuclei. In particle physics elton is also called “antiproton”. The proton-neutrino, νP = (P,E), has the gravitational mass zero. For both neutrinos the inertial mass are also zero mi(neutrino) = 0, this condition define the neutrino states. At the neutrino decays of nuclei, we must pay attention; the neutrino could be electron-neutrino of proton-neutrino.

In particle physics the calculation of gravitational masses of particles is simple. I give some examples. The charged muons, μ+ and μ-, are composed of five elementary particles

μ+ = (p,P,e,p,E), μ- = (e,P,e,p,E).

The decays are

μ+ → p + νe + νP, μ- → e + νe + νP.

The gravitational masses of μ± are that of the (invariant) mass of an electron

mg(μ+) = mg(μ-) = me = 0.510998910(13) MeV/c^2.

The electric neutral four-particle system, (P,e,p,E), is most possible classified as a third kind of neutrino in particle physics, as the tau-neutrino ντ then the gravitational mass of this particle system is zero. The name electric neutral muon, μ0, would also fit to this particle. The assigned names, tau-neutrino or electric neutral muon, depends of their bound energy. The inertial mass of the charged muon is measured to be

mi(μ+) = mi(μ-) = 2∙mP + 3∙me – E(bound; μ±)/c^2 = 105.6583715(35) MeV/c^2.

The bound energy is remarkable great, compared to the bound energies of the nuclei

E(bound; μ±)/c^2 = 2∙mP + 3∙me – mi(μ±) = 1772.418787 MeV/c^2.

We continue the discussion of the masses of particles with those of the charged and neutral pions. The pions have the compositions

π+ = (p, P,2e,2p,E), π- = (e, P,2e,2p,E),
π0 = (P,2e,2p,E).

The gravitational masses of charged pions are again equal to the mass of electron, and that of the neutral pion is zero. It is not surprising that the inertial masses of charged pions

mi(π±) = 2∙mP + 5∙me – E(bound;π±)/c^2
= 139.57018(35) MeV/c^2

are noticeable different from the inertial mass of the neutral pion

mi(π0) = 2∙mP + 4∙me – E(bound;π0)/c^2
= 134.9766(6)MeV/c2,

since the bound energies and the compositions are different. The decays of charged pions are known

π± → μ ± + νe.

However, the often discussed decay of neutral pion

π0 → 2 γ

is physically impossible. Also events with the production and subsequent decay of “a new particle pair”:

p + e → τ+ + τ− → p + μ- + 4 neutrino or → e + μ+ + 4 neutrino

are also physically impossible.

I could continue the discussion of the masses of additional particles, those of kaons and baryons, Λ, Σ, Ξ, etc., but, at any time I would have the problem that I must have exact knowledge of the number of (e,p) and (P,E) in the considered particles. For this, model calculations could help, then I have a variation principle for the calculation of bound energies with the Lagrange multipliers, as h0 = h/387 and h, with the invariant masses, mP and me and the elementary electric charge, e, of the stable elementary particles e, p, P and E. The variation principle is able to determine stable and instable particle states. At instable states the simultaneous determination of the bound energy and life time is possible. http://www.atomsz.com.

Obviously, we don’t need the weak- and the strong-interactions, we have alone the electromagnetic interaction. Furthermore, we don’t need gluons, partons, or whatever quarks. The stable elementary particles are not composed of quarks. And we don’t need obviously the Higgs-particles for the explanation of the masses of particles. The problem of quantum gravitation is also solved with the implementation of elementary gravitational charges.

Gyula I. Szász

• This reply was modified 7 years, 11 months ago by Gyula Szász.

[Gyula Szász]

Einstein was surely a famous man with unconventional ideas. But, I don’t believe anything on his physical theories. The tough standards in physics are based on Einstein’s theories and also the tough standards of physical journals. These standards are null and void.

Gyula I. Szász

[Gyula Szász]

Criticism on Einstein’s theories

What are the grounds why Einstein could not unify the interactions in Universe?

First of all, he did not recognize that the general uncertainty principle holds: the positions and the velocities of particles are never known exactly. That means, the laws of nature are non-deterministic. Einstein believed on a deterministic Universe.

Einstein did not recognize that there exist stable elementary particles which carry two conserved charges. Only the masses of the stable elementary particles are invariant masses. These masses are not equivalent to energy. The elementary gravitational charges, gi, cause the gravitation and the elementary electric charges cause the electromagnetism. The gravitational and the electromagnetic interactions propagate with c.
Einstein’s special relativity and general relativity are scientifically not correct constructed. These theories cannot be used in physics.

Einstein’s ad hoc hypothesis about the light quantum, E = h∙ν was incorrect. The Planck constant, h, play the role of a Lagrange multiplier; the energy is not quantized.

Einstein did not recognize that physical processes must be described in finite ranges of Minkowski space with an Lorentz-invariant Lagrange density. The action integral is not an expression of energy.

Einstein’s imagination about energetic physics (E = h∙ν, E = mc^2, the stress-energy tensor with space-time deformation) were not useful to describe the Universe.

Einstein was led the physical developments nowhere.

In special, Einstein’s imagination about mass was disastrously: He connected the relativistic mass with energy and he belief on the weak equivalence principle, on the equivalence of the inertial and gravitational mass. But, he has thrown away the gravitational mass. He did not recognize that the UFF is violated. He belief that masses could be annihilated and created.

Gyula I. Szász

• This reply was modified 7 years, 11 months ago by Gyula Szász.

[Gyula Szász]

Consequences of the relation of the gravitational and the inertial mass

The gravitational mass

We begin with the gravitational mass of a body consisting of NP protons (P), NE eltons (E), Ne electrons (e) and Np positrons (p). Since the stable elementary particles carry the conserved gravitational charges gi = { – g∙me, + g∙me, + g∙mP, – g∙mE}, i= e,p,P,E, whereby the universal gravitation constant is G = g^2/4∙π and mP/me = 1836.1528, the gravitational mass of a body is
mg(NP,NE,Np,Ne) = |(Np – NE)∙mP + (Np – Ne)∙me|.
The gravitational mass is always greater or equal zero. Since the gravitational interaction is a product of two elementary charges, the different signs of gravitational charges can be put in the interaction part. We have chosen conventionally the gravitational charge of proton positive, gP = + g∙mP.
Now, we consider only electric neutral particle systems for which all the particles are bound. It is easy to see that an electron-positron pair, or a proton-elton pair, has the gravitational mass zero
mg(e,p) = me – me = 0; mg(P,E) = mP – mP = 0.
These two-particle systems correspond to the positronium and protonium and to the electron-neutrino and proton-neutrino. The proton-electron system, N0 = (P,e), has the same gravitational mass as the elton-positron system, N0 = (E,p),
mg(N0) = mg(P,e) = mg(N0) = mg(E,p) = mP – me,
and the same gravitational mass as the instable neutron, N = (P,e,p,e) with the decay N → P + e + electron-neutrino,
mg(N) = mg(P,e,p,e) = mg(P,e) = mP – me.
In absence of eltons, an electric neutral isotope, with NP = A protons, has the gravitational mass
mg(A) = A∙(mP – me).
The numbers of positrons don’t appear in the gravitational mass of an electric neutral isotope.

The inertial mass (at rest of center of mass)

The inertial mass of the stable neutron, N0 = (P,e), is to be calculate with the bound energy, E(N0, bound) = 2.04 MeV, to
mi(N0) = mP + me – E(N0, bound)/c^2 = mP + me – 2.04 MeV/c^2.
The inertial mass of the instable neutron, N = (P,e,p,e), is in nuclear physics measured,
mi(N) = mP + 3∙me – E(N, bound)/c^2 = 939.565 4133(58) MeV/c^2.
The bound energy, E(N, bound)/c^2, can be calculated with the proton mass, NP = 938.272 0813(58) MeV/c^2 and the electron mass Ne = 0.510998910(13) MeV/c^2 to
E(N, bound)/c^2 = 0.2396647 MeV/c^2.
For the two-particle systems, (e,p) and (P,E), the ground states are defined as states if their inertial masses are also zero: these are the electron-neutrino, νe, and the proton-neutrinos, νP, thus, if mi(νe) = 0 → 2∙me = E(νe,bound)/c^2 and if mi(νP) = 0 → 2∙mP = E(νP,bound)/c^2. From the neutrinos originate the Lagrange multiplier, h0, with the value (e is the elementary electric charge)

h0 = e^2/2∙c∙(2∙m’(neutrino)∙c^2/2∙E(neutrino,bound))^1/2 = e2/2∙c∙(1/8)^1/2= h/387.

Hereby the reduced masses are m’(νe) = me/2 and m’(νP) = mP/2, and h is the Planck constant. With h0 we can then calculate the bound energy of the stable neutron, N0. The Planck constant corresponds to the bound energy E(hydrogen,bound) = 13.8 eV.

The Lorentz-invariant formulation of the equations of motions

Lagrange multipliers, such as h and h0, appear in the Lorentz-invariant equations of particles motions as a consequence of the subsidiary conditions caused by the conserved numbers of the elementary particles, e, p, P and E. The Planck constant play the role of a Lagrange multiplier. The Lagrange multipliers occur in the equations of particles motions derived from an action integral formulated in finite ranges of the Minkowski space and taking the general uncertainty in to account that neither the positions, nor the velocities of particles are ecer exactly known. The action integral is constructed with a Lorentz-invariant Lagrange density, which is however not an expression for energy density, and from which the invariant equations of motions for the fields are also derived http://www.atomsz.com.

Further consequences of the conserved gravitational charges

We should mention, that the proton-electron system could also have inertial mass zero; that means
mi(P,e) = 0 = mP + me – E(bound)/c^2
with
E(bound) = (mP + me)∙c^2.
This state has the lowest bound energy of the proton-electron system. This state is the stable ground state of the (P,e)-system and this is not the ground state of the hydrogen atom.
For two-particle systems, the velocities of particles can be calculated according the formula
(v/c)^2/(1-(v/c)^2) = 2∙E(bound)/mij’c^2,
with the reduced masses mij’ = mi∙mj/(mi + mj). The radii of bound two-particle system are with the Lagrange multipliers, h and h0,

rij = h^2/(4∙π^2∙mij∙e^22),
r0ij = (h0)^2/(4∙π^2∙mij∙e^2).
In two-particle system the particles cannot approach each other under their mutual interactions below the relative distance of 10^-17cm. That means, the electron-positron pairs and the proton-elton pairs do never annihilate.
For all electric neutral isotopes with the mass number, A, and with the nuclear charge, Z, the inertial masses, mi(A,Z), are measured by mass spectrometers, thus in the electromagnetic field. From the formula
mi(A,Z) = A∙(mP + me) +Np∙2∙me – E(A,Z; bound)/c^2,
we could calculate the bound energy of the isotopes, E(A,Z; bound), if we would know the numbers of positrons, Np, in the nuclei. In order to solve this problem, we have a variation principle for the bound energies for many body problems, with A = NP protons, Np positrons and NP + Np electrons, and applying h0 and h. This is a well defined model calculation in order to get the Np numbers from the calculated bound energy, E(A,Z; bound) at known mi(A,Z). The sizes of the nuclei are somewhat greater than the sizes of the electron-neutrino and of the stable neutron, which are r(νe) = 0.703∙10^-13cm and d =2∙r(N0) = 0.702∙10^-13cm.
Since we know experimentally the inertial masse of the isotopes, mi(A,Z), and also the gravitational masses, mg(A,Z) = A∙(mP – me), we can calculate the relation of these masses
mg(A,Z)/mi(A,Z) = 1 + Delta(A,Z).
The mass defect, Delta(A,Z), are varied for different types of isotopes
– 0.109% (hydrogen) < Delta(A,Z) < 0.784% (56Fe isotope).
The static force between two stable elementary particles is always the sum of two interactions
F(rij) = + qi∙qj∙rij/4∙π∙rij^3 – gi∙gj∙rij/4∙π∙rij^3,
whereby the conserved elementary electric charges are qi = {± e}. The modified Newton’s equation of motion for a body composed of different (electric neutral) isotopes is, if the other electric uncharged body, BODY, has the same sign of gravitational charge
mi(body)∙a(body) = – G∙mg(BODY)∙mg(body)∙r/r^3.
The acceleration of the body, a(body), is composition dependent
a(body) = – a0∙ mg(body)/ mi(body) = – a0∙(1 + Delta(body).
Therefore, the Universality of Free Fall (UFF) is violated and it can be measured by fall experiments with different composed test bodies. An experimental verification of the UFF violation is performed by Gy. I. Szász at the drop tower of the University Bremen on the 21.06.2004, and is reported in his book, Physics of Elementary Processes; Basic Approach in Physics and Astronomy, ISBN: 963 219 791 7 (2005) and in his lecture on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsyJjxC7SRc . However, the editors/reviewers of physical journals, PRD, EJPC, ZNA and Foundation of Physics, rejected the articles that attempted to publish Szász’ results. Therefore, his theory did not came in circulation of physical science.

A comparison with the special relativity theory

All inertial masses discussed up to now are calculated if the center of masses (COM) is at rest. These masses are the so called rest masses, m0(body), which should appear in Einstein’s equation of the special relativity theory
E^2 = (m0(body))^2∙c^2 + p^2∙c^2.
However in particular, the rest inertial masses of composed systems are not invariant masses of bodies. Only the elementary particles e, p, P and E have invariant masses. The equation above is not verified in our theory. Since the bound energies of composed systems are caused finally by interactions between the elementary particles which propagate with c, at velocities of the COM nearby c, the composed systems would decay in the composing elementary particles.
In our theory, we can also not verify Einstein’s energy-mass-equivalence relation
E = mi(v)∙c^2.
The elementary masses mP and me are the invariant masses and they are not equivalent to energies. However, we get the equation for the inertial masses at rest of COM
mi(NP,NE,Np,Ne) = (NP +NE) ∙mP +(Np+Ne)∙ me – E(NP,NE,Np,Ne; bound)/c^2,
which are not invariants. On the other side, the gravitational masses are conserved
mg(NP,NE,Np,Ne) = |(Np – NE)∙mP + (Np – Ne)∙me|.

Conclusions

Here, it is demonstrated that the conclusions of the special relativity for masses and energy are erroneous.

Also the conclusions derived from the general relativity for gravity are erroneous then the gravity is obviously caused by conserved gravitational charges, gi = { – g∙me, + g∙me, + g∙mP, – g∙mE}, of the stable elementary particles i= e,p,P,E. A proof for the existence of elementary gravitational charges is given for instance by the confirmed violation of the UFF. But, these did not fit to the convinced meaning of editors/reviewers of physical journals about their imagination to the validity of the weak equivalence principle.

The physical science needs neither the deformation of space-time in order to explain the gravitation, nor the quantization of energy for the construction of a quantum field theory. After that all, the UFF is violated and the Planck constant h plays the role of a Lagrange multiplier.

The quantum field theory based on two conserved elementary charges of four kinds of stable elementary particles does not need Higgs-particle in order to explain the gravitational and the inertial masses of all particles.

This theory state also that the stable elementary particles are not composed of quarks. In the diploma thesis, SU(3) Symmetry in der starken Wechselwirkung; Ein Vergleich mit den Experimenten, at the University of Mainz, Gy. I. Szász has 1967 shown, that the prognoses of the SU(3) symmetry model of particles are scientifically not acceptable.

In his doctor thesis, Zur quantenmechanischen Beschreibung von Resonanzphänomenen, Szász proposed a new variation principle for the determination of instable states. The work was published in Z. Physik, A275, 403 (1975) and A278, 165 (1976), Fortschr. Physik, 24, 327 (1976), Phys Lett. A55, 327 (1976) and A62, 313 (1977). But, a further article with the significant recognition that the Planck constant play a role of Lagrange multiplier, submitted 1977 in Phys.Lett., has been rejected by the editors.

Gyula I. Szász

[Gyula Szász]

Dear Bill,

I wish you to feel better and that your status would be stable. On September 2009 I have also a threefold by-pass operation and my state of health would be stable up to now. In that time, I have much trouble with ZARM-FAB at the University in Bremen. They didn’t allow the continuation of my fall experiments at the drop tower and I had a court case what I lost 2011. It was very stressful. At the end, an “expert” form the LM University München claimed that the weak equivalence principle holds, but in physical reality, it is not true. I have lost much money and the possibility to continue my fall experiment for the confirmation of the UFF violation. In my following fall experiment, I wanted to move the test bodies to move also in vacuum. The academic physics has interim won.

I have escaped from Hungary to Germany on 1956 after the revolution without my parents, and I have studied physics in Giessen and Mainz.

I am never been in sunny Florida and thank you for your offer. I don’t promise, but if your state of health is stable, we could perhaps arrange a meet. I would be very glad.

Sincerely,
Gyula

[Gyula Szász]

Dear Bill,

thank you for your kindly assistance. You have followed my argumentation to a more simple physics as the modern physicists proposed. The key starting point was the introduction and consequent handling of the conserved elementary gravitational charges. Again the prevailing opinion, the gravitational and the inertial masse are not equal and it can be also experimental confirmed. The gravitation is unified with the electromagnetism and the gravitation is also build in the particle physics. Only the sources of the interaction field are quantized and the interactions propagate with c. At the moment, I cannot do more for a generalization (and simplification).

The biggest problem of the academic physics is that their followers believe on the weak equivalence principle and on the energy-mass-equivalence. In “reality” none of these equivalences are physically valid principles. For instance, virtual particles do not exist and all instable particles are composed on the four kinds of stable elementary particles e,p,P and E. Thus, the neutrons and the neutrinos are composed particles, similar to muons and pions. These are not elementary particles. I can explain both masses of the instable particles; I need neither the Higgs-particle, nor quarks. The whole accepted standards of modern physics must be given up.

I would like meet you personally if you take occasional a visit in Europe. I have adequate room for sleep and residence. I live with my family in Ingelheim am Rhein, near to Frankfurt and Mainz. The environment is very nice. Do you visit sometime Europe? Then I could demonstrate how wrong my spoken English is.

Sincerely,
Gyula

[Gyula Szász]

… and God does his work with simple laws of Nature and with probabilities. Laplace’s demon was not right configured. The laws of Nature are non-deterministic, however causal. Exact inertial conditions are scientifically unknown.

Gy.

[Gyula Szász]

I think, the four kinds of elementary particles, e, P, p, E were always in our universe, in earlier time they are only arranged otherwise on each other as today.

God order the particles on each other with the help of probability. You and I are not very different, only the arrangement of protons, electrons and positrons are somewhat differently.

Gy.

[Gyula Szász]

The numbers of elementary particles and their elementary charges are the ONLY conserved quantities. With their conserved charges, the particles cause radiations during their motions. The microstates consist of particle AND radiations. The Lagrange multipliers prevent the radiation of particles. The thermodynamics didn’t recover the connection between entropy on the one side and particles, radiations and Lagrange multipliers on the other side.

The symmetry comes out from the distribution of the elementary charges on the elementary particles and from the Lagrange density of the interactions.

Sincerely,
Gyula

[Gyula Szász]

Within my theory, we have a very accurate imagination what happen in microstates. For instance, within the nuclei and within the neutrons, the protons, the electrons and the positrons move approximately with the velocity of light around the center of mass (COM) in regions of 10-13 cm under the influence of the electromagnetic interaction. The gravitation can be neglected.

For the nuclear forces, no strong interaction, none of gluons and of partons (or whatever else) is needed. The atoms and molecules are consisting of the nuclei and the electron shells with the size of 10-8 cm. The “inter-molecular” movement is nearly independent of the overall temperature of the surrounding. The temperature of the surrounding determines the probability of the velocities of the COM-motions of micro-objects: these are intra-molecular velocities. The entropy connects somehow the average quantities of macrostates with the microstates properties.
Gyula

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