The velocities of elementary particles can also be calculating according the formula for the energetic lowest state

(v/c)2/(1 – (v/c)2) ) = m’∙c^2/(2∙E(bound)).

As the bound energy of two-particle systems, E(max,bound), cannot be greater than the sum of the elementary masses of the two particles, the velocities of the elementary particles are always lower than c. However, they can reach almost c.